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glycosylation

Ascorbate Restores Vasodilation Impaired by Acute Hyperglycemia – (04-30-01)

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Ascorbate Restores Vasodilation Impaired by Acute Hyperglycemia

Where do we start with this one? It’s always good to see our old friend Vit C supported in the medical literature. In this study, Vit C protected against the vasoconstriction caused by high glucose levels in the bloodstream. This information can have a major impact on the risk of CVD in diabetics with poorly controlled blood sugar. A few things to take home…the glycosylation of proteins from high blood sugar has consistently shown to be a factor in aging and that the damage from these high blood sugar may in part be due to oxidative damage (which can be prevented or reduced with antioxidant therapy).

Circulation — Abstracts: Beckman et al. 103 (12): 1618

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Does oxidative damage to DNA increase with age? – (09-02-01)

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Does oxidative damage to DNA increase with age?

This is such an insightful article that opens up both questions and answers. Although this is also a rodent study, once again evidence is strong in support of similar effect in humans. First, do we have increased DNA damage with aging, or does the DNA damage lead to aging? Probably a mixture of both. Current theories of aging include oxidative damage, glycosylation of proteins and shortening of telomeres. Most likely, aging is a combination of all these factors and more. The increased oxidative stress to DNA may be more of a reduction in the protective factors present with younger patients.

PNAS — Abstracts: Hamilton et al. 98 (18): 10469

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Protein glycosylation in vivo induces autoimmune disease – (02-02-01)

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Protein glycosylation in vivo induces autoimmune disease

The glycosylation of proteins occurs when glucose reacts with proteins to change their structure and function. Some consider this the basis of aging. While this research study uses genetic modification to induce autoimmune disease, there are some implications that glycosylation from insulin resistance may be a triggering factor in some autoimmune diseases.

PNAS — Abstracts: Chui et al. 98 (3): 1142

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Advanced glycation end-products on PMN superoxide production – (12-17-01)

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Advanced glycation end-products on PMN superoxide production

To put this in English, abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood stream will irreversibly damage proteins, a process called glycosylation. PMNs are white blood cells that help fight off bacterial infections; they do this by ingesting the bacteria and destroying them with a compound called superoxide.

Thus, this study connects the link between diabetics and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. I would widen the net to dysglycemic patients as well; these patients will also have elevated glucose and insulin levels.

Synergy : European Journal of Clinical Investigation 31 (12), 1064-1069

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Chronobiology–Reducing Time – (07-23-01)

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Chronobiology–Reducing Time

There are many theories as to how we age: antioxidant damage, glycosylation of proteins (sugar molecules irreversibly damaging protein in our cells) and telomere shortening among many others.

This article is in line with the antioxidant theory, suggesting that a balance between oxidized and reduced NAD in the cell controls production of two proteins that control the age of the cell. The bottom line? Nothing’s changed. Anti-aging still consists of moderation and avoidance of damaging factors such as refined carbs, saturated fats and hydrogenated oils. High intakes of fruits and veggies will give the body what it needs to maintain a happy balance of NAD forms.

Science — Schibler et al. 293 (5529): 437

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Normal blood glucose and coronary risk – (01-13-01)

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“Normal” blood glucose and coronary risk

This is another nice editorial outlining current concepts in diabetes, heart disease and aging. When blood glucose levels are high enough, they attach themselves to proteins (a process called glycosylation). This damages and irreversibly alters the proteins. Many consider this glycosylation of proteins one of the hallmarks of aging. The common blood test Hb1Ac (glycosylated hemoglobin) checks for this process.

bmj.com Barrett-Connor and Wingard 322 (7277): 5

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