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leptin

Are You Carrying Around an Extra Organ? 3 Things to Know

November 24, 2013 by James Bogash

Your ancestors didn’t have it, and yet there’s a good chance you do. Most of your organs work in your favor, but this one is your enemy.

Much like some disconnected appendage transplanted in place of your severed hand that came from a serial killer, your abdominal fat is trying to kill you.  I have written about abdominal fat as a renegade organ in a previous blog article that can be read by clicking here.  Before we get into the “guts” of this blog post, we need a little review of adipose hormones.

While the abdominal fat tissue produces a number of compounds, there are 3 main hormones that come from our abdominal fat cells that we are currently aware of.  Here’s a brief summary:

  1. Leptin – helps to maintain an even body weight.  Lose abdominal fat and lower leptin stimulates appetite, gain fat and higher leptin levels make you less hungry.  Unfortunately, with abuse, our brains become resistant to leptin, and higher levels no longer shut down our appetite.
  2. Resistin – levels increase as the amount of abdominal fat increases and increases inflammation, insulin resistance and drives the progression to diabetes.
  3. Adiponectin – an anti-diabetic hormone that is produced less and less as we gather more abdominal fat.

When were are healthy, these adipokines help to keep your body weight in balance.  However, as you start to collect more abdominal fat over time, these adipokines shift from a friendly distribution to a disease-causing one.  This then produces more inflammation which, in turn, produces even more body fat.  Quite the downhill spiral.

This particular study looks more closely at the actions of adiponectin in mice and how it relates to blood flow within the abdominal fat region.  Here’s what researchers found:

  • Higher levels of adiponectin led to a more blood flow within the fat tissue (which leads to “happier” fat cells with more blood flow and nutrients).
  • Mice that produced more adiponectin had an almost complete shut down of inflammation measured by macrophage (WBC) infiltration and had no crown-like structures (these structures occur when dead fat cells clump together around macrophages that are trying to clean up the dying tissues).
  • Mice that produced more adiponectin had a strong sensitivity to insulin and reduced likelihood of developing fatty liver.

You can see that, once you begin to accumulate abdominal fat your body begins to revolt against you, stacking the cards against you for losing and maintaining weight loss.  Obviously, prevention is much easier than a cure, but for most of us, that train long ago left the station.  We can, however, make sure that our children are not put into a similar situation by making sure they never tip over into a state of increased abdominal obesity.

I also have to put a plug in here for non-invasive laser liposuction, which we have had in our office for almost a year now.  While the manufacturers and most clinics that own the units continue to promote that laser “opens pores in the fat cells,” there is strong evidence that laser applied to the abdominal region is doing what we know that cold laser does: increasing blood flow and lowering inflammation.

What a perfect combination for abdominal fat that is both starved for blood flow and inflamed.  This explanation for the benefits of laser lipo makes sense.

Filed Under: Obesity and Weight Loss Tagged With: Abdominal Obesity, adipokines, adiponectin, laser lipo, leptin, resistin

Leptin Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer Risk – (05-21-01)

September 8, 2013 by James Bogash

Leptin Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer Risk

Try this out for size: this study suggests that leptin levels influence prostate cancer risk. Many studies have shown that insulin resistance can lead to leptin resistance and subsequent elevated leptin levels. It may be a stretch right now, but might eating refined carbs lead to increased risk of prostate cancer via this mechanism? I think it is entirely possible. Not that we needed yet ANOTHER reason to avoid refined carbs.

JCEM — Abstracts: Stattin et al. 86 (3): 1341

Read entire article here

Filed Under: Prostate Cancer Tagged With: leptin, prostate cancer

Identification of Leptin in Human Saliva – (11-19-01)

August 11, 2013 by James Bogash

Identification of Leptin in Human Saliva

I had a patient the other day go to her ob/gyn office and see the nurse practitioner. This patient had shown a high DHEAs and low cortisol level on salivary panels. When she mentioned this to the NP, the NP said that DHEA was not a “medical test.” I’m still somewhat confused by the response of the NP, but what scares me is that DHEA is a major precursor to sex steroid hormones and this NP knew nothing about it. She did, however, recommend the pill for this patients’ symptoms; ironically, insulin resistance appears to be a major factor in this patient’s condition and BCP is known to adversely effect insulin resistance. The moral of this story? Salivary hormone profiles are valid, noninvasive diagnostic testing that is supported in the medical literature.

JCEM — Abstracts: Gröschl et al. 86 (11): 5234

Read entire article here

Filed Under: Hormone Tagged With: cortisol, DHEAs, Human Saliva, leptin, NP

Rising Obesity May Not Be Related to Less Physical Activity – (02-19-01)

July 29, 2013 by James Bogash

Rising Obesity May Not Be Related to Less Physical Activity

This study suggests that participants in this study, have an increase in obesity rates despite vigorous physical activity. As usual, this should be no surprise. Obesity, like so many other chronic diseases, is a multifactorial problem. It needs a global approach for prevention as well as treatment. Exercise is a key management tool for a healthier life, but does not negate the bad effects of other unhealthy lifestyle choices. Diet plays a major factor in the determination of insulin resistance, leptin resistance and weight management.

Prev Med 2001;32:57-65 There is a trend toward increasing overweight in the US military that is similar to the pattern among the general population. US military personnel were chosen for study in order to investigate better the association between physical activity and overweight, “given that most US adults are employed in sedentary occupations and engage in very little leisure-time physical activity,” note Dr. Robert M. Bray and Dr. Christine H. Lindquist, from research Triangle Institute in North Carolina. Drs. Bray and Lindquist sought to “explore changes in the prevalence of overweight from 1995 to 1998 and the relationship between trends in physical activity and overweight during this period.” To that end, they studied data on more than 33,000 service members. The investigators defined overweight as body mass index of at least 25 and classified subjects as physically active if they reported at least 3 days per week of vigorous activity. According to their report, there was a significant increase in overweight over the 3-year study period for both men and women. Fifty percent of subjects were classified as overweight in 1995, compared with 54% in 1998. The researchers report that around 67% of the subjects engaged in regular, vigorous activity. “The results of this study suggest that the rise in overweight among the military is not explained by a decrease in physical activity,” Dr. Bray and Dr. Lindquist conclude, indicating that “other factors, such as dietary intake, may be influential.”

 

Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: leptin, obesity and weight loss

Preprandial Rise in Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation – (08-06-01)

July 14, 2013 by James Bogash

Preprandial Rise in Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation

I don’t have much to say on this issue at this time. The hormone ghrelin is a newly discovered hormone and may show to play a role in weight management and appetite. Considering the fact that we just discovered a new hormone, does anyone out there feel comfortable about taking drugs that alter appetite in an attempt at weight management? We have no idea what the long term impacts are on messing with this process. I’m sure that as research on ghrelin progresses, we will find that it has impacts on other body systems, much like where we were with leptin several years ago.

Diabetes — Abstracts: Cummings et al. 50 (8): 1714

Read entire article here

Filed Under: Hormone Tagged With: ghrelin, hormone, leptin, Preprandial

Leptin-Induced Hypertension Linked to Adrenergic Activation – (10-01-01)

June 20, 2013 by James Bogash

Leptin-Induced Hypertension Linked to Adrenergic Activation

As a quick review, leptin is a hormone released by fat cells that help to control appetite and metabolism. More fat = more leptin = less hunger and faster metabolism. However, in some patients a leptin resistance occurs and leptin levels increase in the bloodstream. This study identifies that leptin, which has the ability to raise blood pressure, does so by the adrenergic system (fight or flight response). While this may lead the way for new pharmacological interventions, remember that leptin resistance and insulin resistance are linked, and things like exercise and attention to type of fat intake can modify these hormones w/o drugs.

55th Annual Fall Conference of the AHA Council for High BP Research Researchers at the University of Mississippi, Jackson, report that leptin’s effect on blood pressure appears to be mediated through the hormone’s activation of the adrenergic system, and counteracted by beta blockade. Dr. John E. Hall noted that excess weight accounts for about 70% of all hypertension in humans. “What we’ve been searching for,” said Dr. Hall, “is the link between weight gain and how the sympathetic nervous system…is triggered to raise blood pressure and heart rate.” The investigators implanted catheters into the abdominal aortas and vena cavae of Sprague-Dawley rats. They then infused the animals with leptin, followed by a placebo, the alpha-blocker terazosin, or the beta-blocker propranolol. Leptin infusion reduced food intake and fasting plasma insulin levels in all animals, the investigators observed. Adrenergic blockade effectively inhibited increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. “This mouse experiment was designed to determine whether it was through the sympathetic nervous system that leptin does raise blood pressure,” Dr. Hall told meeting attendees. “And what we showed here was that the effect of leptin to raise the blood pressure and heart rate is caused entirely by the sympathetic nervous system, because after blocking this system, we find that leptin no longer raises the blood pressure.” Dr. Hall said this study shows that not only might leptin be a major link in the chain of events leading to obesity, but also that “the increased nervous system activity is the key mechanism by which leptin does raise blood pressure.” Assuming these findings apply to humans, said Dr. Hall, it is much too early to talk about therapies to block this leptin-induced sequence of events. For now, overweight people with hypertension can reduce leptin levels only by losing weight.

Filed Under: Hypertension Tagged With: Adrenergic, blood pressure, hypertension, leptin

The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes – (01-25-01)

June 17, 2013 by James Bogash

The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes

This is really an exciting new discovery in human health. Just a few years back the hot hormone was leptin, and the discovery of leptin helped to clarify a little further the links between insulin and body mass. It is very possibly that this new hormone, resistin, may fill in the gaps even further.

Feature of the week > Resistin diabetes

Read entire article here

Filed Under: Diabetes and Obesity Tips Tagged With: diabetes, hormone, human health, leptin, obesity and weight loss

Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life – (06-06-02)

May 29, 2013 by James Bogash

Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life

This article is incredibly important wake up call for parents of today. This study stresses the importance of nutrition in the infant. Formula feeding may lead to altered hormone patterns that lead to obesity later in life. I cannot stress the importance of good nutrition in the infant enough. When I see parents putting soda into their child’s sippie cup I know society has a serious, serious problem. As parents we need to take 100% responsibility for the nutrition of our children–you control the diet of your child and subsequently their long term health.

AJCN — Abstracts: Singhal et al. 75 (6): 993

Read entire article here

Filed Under: Healthy Kids Tagged With: Formula feeding, leptin

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