Short-Term Fasting and Refeeding on Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Genes in Skeletal Muscle.
I know this title is a bit too long, but let me see if I can distill the results down. Basically, after a 20 hour fast, participants in this study were fed either a high carb or a high fat meal. The fast caused several genes involved in breakdown of fat for energy to upregulate. Breaking the fast with carbs sent those levels back down to normal and breaking the fast with fat maintained the upregulation. My personal interpretation? Breaking a fast, from a weight loss perspective (this would include breakfast meals) should NOT be done with a high carb meal. I know one of my favorite breakfasts is natural peanut butter on whole grain toast.
Diabetes — Abstracts: Pilegaard et al. 52 (3): 657